*does not need name, title, date, or any formatting. Labels for questions only.
Part 1:
You will need the super short videos below to complete this first exercise. View the animations:
then answer the questions to help you understand this process of Elastic Rebound.
Enter your answers in the text field below.
A) In the moments before the fault ruptures, what do you notice about the area around the fault?
B) What happens to the trees after the rupture?
C) Consider this process happening on a much larger scale and a much longer time frame. Imagine that two tectonic plates are moving past one another, but the boundary fault between them is locked up to a point (similar to what you saw in the videos). What happens when this fault releases and how often do you think it might release? (only once? Periodically?)
D) An earthquake is the result of energy release in the Earths crust and mantle. Could this type of release happen without a fault? Why or why not?
E) In your own words, describe the Elastic Rebound Theory of Earthquakes. (You may refer to the textbook or Module 8 for help, but rewrite the answer in your own words. Do not copy from the internet!).
Part 3: (for this part, pls look at the files for the figures.)
A) What is Quaternary alluvium?
B) What is Holocene mud?
C) Which rock type shown on the map in Figure 1 is probably the most rigid and most consolidated?
D) Which rock type shown on Figure 1 probably contains the most water?
E) Which of the three sites (S1, S3 or S4) experienced the MOST shaking and how do you know?
F) What is the geologic unit mapped at each site: S1, S3 and S4?
G) Based on your answers on this table, how did the underlying geologic deposits contribute to the collapse of the Nimitz freeway?
Part 5:
Graph the Earthquake Data from the Previous Question (the data is in the files along with the graph template)
Here you are asked to create a graph using the earthquake data from the previous question. Submit a file or image of your completed graph using the upload button below.
Graph your data: Use data from Table 1 in the previous question to plot EQ data on the graph on the next page.
(1) Plot the Probable Dates for each earthquake, A through K.
(2) Next, at each column, plot the EQ Date Range.
(3) Draw one line for the earliest possible date of the earthquake, and a second to mark the latest possible date.
(4) Shade in this area in to form a single, small rectangle in each column. This will show the span of time during which each earthquake could have occurred.
I will accept several different graph formats. Below are a few options for graphing. Please choose the one that is compatible with your at-home technology.
Download and PRINT a copy of a blank preformatted graph here. You can then draw your graph by hand and upload an photograph of your work in the file upload area in this question.
-OR-
Download a copy of the blank graph. Use an app on your computer to mark up the PDF and draw your graph. Then submit the PDF with your work in the file upload area in this question.
-OR-
Use a program like Excel or Google Sheets to create your own graph from scratch by copying the format of the blank graph in the PDF. The submit your work in the file upload area in this question.
-OR-
Draw your own graph by hand without using the blank graph provided. You can then upload an photograph of your work in the file upload area in this question. If you choose this option, please be neat and use a ruler to draw the X- and Y-axis. Please make sure to use labels.
The graph below shows years on the Y-axis (vertical) and earthquake “names” on the X-axis (horizontal).
Summary Questions for PART 5
Next answer these questions:
Refer to your graph in the previous question to answer the following questions.
A) With your graph completed, do you see a pattern in the recurrence of earthquakes at Pallett Creek? Describe the pattern.
B) How long is the average gap? How long is the average cluster?
C) Given that over 160 years have passed since the last earthquake ruptured this area, is it more likely that we are currently in a gap, or a cluster?
D) Does this support or oppose the conclusion you came to earlier in this exercise?
Now answer these questions:
Analyze the Data:
A) Using the data in the fourth column of Table 1 calculate the RECURRENCE INTERVAL (RE) (average number of years) between major ruptures of the Mojave Section of the San Andreas fault at Pallett Creek. (Ignore the first and last values in the column when making this calculation – you should have 9 values to calculate RE)
B) According to this time between earthquakes (i.e, the recurrence interval), is the Mojave section of the San Andreas fault at Pallett Creek due, not yet due, or well overdue, for a major rupture? (compare your average to the last time it ruptured).
C) Look at Table 1 – note the difference between the shortest interval and the longest.
How much greater than your RE is the longest interval between events?
How much smaller is the shortest interval?
Does this give you more or less confidence about your answer to question 2?
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