Briefly reply to the following two students with constructive substantive responses: responses that add new information and new perspective to your fellow students’ posts.
Student 1:
Looking back into Luis Borges work, we do see the author narrating some of the stories. In his writing we did not see the creation of himself as a protagonist but what we did see was the incorporation of his own characteristics reflected on his made-up characters as well as the aspect of bravery which seemed to be predominant in many of his characters. In Italo Calvinos work the author is not a protagonist. The story is narrated by the author he speaks directly to the audience so we can say the protagonists are the readers as we are the ones that have to interpret and discover the mystery found within these stories.
In the book If on a winters night a traveler the author uses frame story in order to recount the story and the events happening within the story. We see frame work happening when the author starts to describe the railway station on a typical day. Frame work allows the reader to see different ideas happening within one plot. For example when we were introduced to the railway station the author started in one place and moved right along while introducing a few main characters which gave the reader a clear visual of what the railway station looked like. The story is organized as a series of different stories found within the novel. What we have taken from the novel so far is the role that frame work plays in the story as well as the mystery that lies within these stories. Frames are constructed like mosaics, bit by bit through the many decisions communicators make: how to introduce a topic, what to emphasize or leave out, whether and how to explain(frameworkinstitute.org). As we can see with the quotation provided above frame work is meaningful because it sets a ground platform for the reader, where we can interpret and see clearly what is happening in the story. In the novel the frame story is important because it gives us a sense of direction on what to focus on, for example the importance of the location, the role that the characters play in the story and why they are presented the way they are and what does the author want us to take from the reading. The frame work found in Borges is different from the frame work found in Italo Calvinos book. In Borges novel the stories were shorter and the plot was told in one setting in Italo Calvinos book the stories are longer and they are told through a series of events within a frame work.
The relationships between the main protagonists found in this novel are all so unique and different, some characters are known for their actions while others are known for their relation to other existing characters. We can most definitely relate to the character of the reader found in the book the reason why is because the narrator speaks to the audience when narrating the story making the reader connect the dots as the story unfolds and think about the way the information is being presented and the purpose behind it. The story gravitates the readers attention in the introduction making it clear that the narrator is speaking to the reader as if they were a character within the story while establishing a relationship with the reader. In the novel there is a brief introduction of an I character and based on the ambiguity of the character I we can interpret the I as the reader. In page 15 the narrator goes on to describe the meaning behind the character I he says nothing could be easier for him than to identify himself with me; for the moment my external behavior is that of a traveler who has missed a connection, a situation that is part of everyones experience(Calvino 15). Based on the quotation above we can see how the narrator has established a relationship with the reader which enables the reader to be part of the story. Reading the table of contents in sequence reveals a story itself that follows one idea into the next which tells the reader that the stories found in this book interrelate in some aspect.
Student 2:
A protagonist is a leading character or one of the major characters in a novel, film, play, or story. In Borges’s work, the narrator is a distinct identity from the author. In the short story “Borges and I,” for example, Borges, the author, attempts to distinguish the narrator’s identity, referred to as the public persona, from his own identity as the author. In most of his writings, he attempts to demonstrate how problematic the concept of identity in a story can be. He also manages to create the narrator as the protagonist of the story (Borges 2). The narrator’s likes and dislikes, as well as key decisions and experiences, are the center of the story “Borges and I.” However, Calvino believes that the first character, the protagonist, should be the author of the work. In most of his books, Calvino exists as his characters. Calvino is often the only character in his work. There is often only one narrator in Calvinos pieces, who is depicted as the author. Therefore, Borges creates a narrator distinct from himself, and Calvino makes himself the narrator of his work.
The frame story is meant to guide a reader from the first story to the other one, the embedded narrative. The frame story is vividly seen in his novel, “If on a Winter’s Night a Traveler,” consisting of ten novel fragments (Baker 10). In this case, Calvino creates the frame story in which the main characters are the Reader, and Ludmilla, the female Reader. Calvino uses the frame story to distort the temporal sequence, broken when something is about to happen. The intention that Calvino has in using the frame story is to evaluate the reader’s reading strategies. He successfully achieves the process of reconstruction and deconstruction, as evident in a fictional world. Like Calvino’s use of the frame story, Borges also writes similar volumes of fragments without an overall story, as seen in “Extraordinary Tales” and the “Book of Imaginary Beings.” Both authors were in the wave of a new literary movement. Their work compares to flash fiction and blog entries done today.
In the novel, Calvino addresses the reader as You. This pronoun, as put by the author, signifies a protagonist, the narrative “you,” and the recipient metafictional “you” (Calvino 5). The latter is implied beyond the fictional state of the story. It signifies a reader who is fully aware that he is reading a piece of fictional work. I relate to this piece of text in the second person. This second person, hence, represents the actual reader who is directly addressed by the writer. In the same sense, the metafictional “you” indicates a self-aware reader, who, by default, is on a higher ontological level than the story. There is, therefore, a sense of immediacy and directness to the reader. Hence, this aspect makes it easy to feel the “I” in the “you” of the narrator. Thus, the author succeeds in capturing the attention of the reader.
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