Please type 3 pages per question (there are only two of them) and use 2 sources per question (MLA citations).
1. Brazil is the country with the largest Afro-descendant population in the Americas. Brazilians are proud of being a diverse society. As pioneers of the concept of racial democracy, Brazilians also have fallen into the trap of believing that they do not discriminate against Black Brazilians. However, in the article titled Law, Silence and Racialized Inequalities in the History of Afro-Brazil, Brodwyn Fischer et al. demonstrated that the history of slavery in that country paved the way for racism. Discuss one example from Brazil’s historical periods that illustrate the ongoing structural or institutional policies of inequality against Afro-Brazilians.
2. Spanish Caribbean societies, such as Cuba, the Dominican Republic, and Puerto Rico, have developed their formula to deal with race and racism. In these three societies, racial democracy” is considered a legacy of Iberian exceptionalism. Spaniards were accustomed to co-existing with other ethnic groups such as the Moors and the Jews. According to the authors, co-existence was the foundation for developing an open and tolerant attitude towards non-whites transferred to the Americas. Discuss the evidence used by the authors Pea et al. in Racial Democracy in Latin and U.S. that led them to conclude that racial democracy in these three Caribbean societies is a myth.
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