The instruction for the paper in the file labeled paper instructions.
Go through the sources and highlight in the pdf of the paper’s information relating to the following questions.
Send me the pdfs with the information highlighted. Do not highlight materials that are not directly related to your project. Highlight appropriate references in the papers if more detailed information is not provided in the paper, such as for a Method.
please make sure you answer these questions in the paper.
1. What markers for M1 and M2 macrophages will you use?
2. How do you identify these on M1 and M2 macrophages in the spinal cord? What reagents and tools will be used?
3. What tools are used to observe that MSC exosomes are in M2 macrophages? How do you know that they are not in M1s?
4. Identify one cytokine that is pro-inflammatory and one that is anti-inflammatory, which are secreted by M1 and M2 macrophages, respectively. See the clue below.
5. How do you do a BBB score? What does it tell you?
6. How do you measure white matter? What does it represent?
The clue to #4. Look up Laskin https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx900086v read the abstract and figure carefully.
these are large articles, thus you only need to highlight several sections that you plan to use.
Qu & Aang (2017) was carried out to establish how Mesenchymal Stem Cells (MSCs) influence the reparative actions in SCI.
Cheng &He (2017) established that Macrophages play a critical role in reactivating healing for secondary injuries.
Gennsel & Zhang (2015) provides a comparative analysis of the recovery and inflammatory reactions between SCI and tissues that achieves full wound resolution.
For this Research, I have an abstract and a few articles that will be needed to be used in the paper.
Also when you have control groups for the experiment, please have positive control, negative control, and experimental group. The experimental group would be something to compare our result with. Like any other kind of stem cell exosomes.
this is the Hypothesis: MSC exosomes increased polarization of M2 Macrophages promoting functional recovery, increase in white matter, and locomotion function in rat spinal cord injury.
Experimental Approach
The experiments will be done to prove the hypothesis that the MSC exosomes increased polarization of M2 macrophages promotes recovery in a rat suffering from SCI. Adult rats will be used in the Experiments.
The spinal cord will be exposed by laminectomy and then injured by dropping a 10-g rod on the spinal cord from a certain height. One day after SCI and 1 week after, PBS (phosphate-buffered saline) and DiR labeled MSC exosomes will be infused IV in the rat over the course of 1 minute. Rats will be assessed weekly for 8 weeks using the Basso, Beattie, and Bresnahan (BBB) scoring method.
Be specific about how locomotion improvement will be measured using the BBB scale, and how will the increase in the white matter be measure without opening the rat.
” Intravenously delivered mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes target M2-type macrophages in the injured spinal cord” is the main article. Your Conceptual approach should be experiments. The Kocsis paper is your key reference. Read it carefully and try to improve the proposed experiments.
Please follow all instructions and if any questions please message.
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