This is the essay question:
The study of educational and career planning, combined with leadership and social justice in higher education makes initiating and responding to change an essential theme.
Write an essay in which you offer an account of how the sector of postsecondary education (e.g., research universities, comprehensive universities, community colleges, liberal arts colleges, minority serving institutions, or corporate and/or institutional training programs) have changed in the past twenty-five years or how it has NOT changed.
Your essay should: a) what aspects of the institutions in the sector you think have shown the most change and the least, and why; b) Describe the role of institutional leaders in these changes; and c) Include an account of policies or initiative that have suppressed or aided educational justice reform for students of color, and the role of leaders in implementing them, and d) identify what systems discriminate or advance the educational or career advancement of minorities.
Include suggestions for improvement and what you think is most necessary in improving and advancing the educational and career goals of minority or at risk students as discussed in class such as but not limited to special education students, students of color, English language learners, and foster youth.
Please make sure you use the attachments for the essay.
class its educational and career planning through a social justice and equity lense
Economically Disadvantaged Groups
Fitzgerald and Betz (1994) raised a provocative question: Is career development a meaningful term in the lives of a majority of the population? (p. 104). They make the point that for many people, including the unemployed, discouraged workers who have given up looking for jobs, and marginally employed workers who teeter on the edge of poverty, work is not psychologically central to their lives. However, most of these people realize that meaningful employment is a way out of their current existence, and it becomes incumbent on career development specialists to find ways to facilitate this escape and to make career development a meaningful process.
The term disadvantaged can be interpreted very broadly. In its usual dictionary sense, it includes everyone who is in an unfavorable economic, psychological, physical, or social circumstance. Certainly, many members of minority groups, disabled workers, womenparticularly divorced or single women with childrenthe poor, educational dropouts, and several other large segments of the population are disadvantaged.
The same term can also be legitimately applied in a restricted or narrow sense. Poor people are often described as being economically disadvantaged. Sociologists have long held and provided support for what was termed status attainment theory (SAT; see Chapter 5). The basic premise of SAT is that family socioeconomic status is an important predictor of status attainment. Status attainment relates to the types of jobs held and the amount of money earned. It follows from SAT that poorer the family is, the less likely the children will achieve high levels of income and status. To rephrase SAT, poor families are likely to produce poor children who are less able to rise out of poverty. Adults who are from poor families and have a limited education (either in quantity or quality) and are caught in geographic dislocation may be at greatest risk and thus need the most help. The rural poor leaving for urban areas, recent immigrants, and the urban unemployed who have moved elsewhere searching for better jobs may have difficulty lifting themselves out of poverty. Discouraged workers who have become dependent on the social services support network may also find it difficult to rise out of poverty. A taxonomy of these groups follows, all of which either are already or are at risk of becoming mired in poverty.
The Chronically Poor These are second- and third-generation poor people who are raising families with inadequate resources. The Unemployed or Newly Disadvantaged Some unemployed can bridge brief periods of unemployment by using savings, food stamps, government-supported insurance programs, and unemployment benefits. The structurally unemployed, that is, those workers whose jobs have been off shored or terminated because of technological advancements, are in the greatest danger because they no longer have a job to which they can ultimately return. The cyclically unemployed can also be hurt if the economic recession outlasts their available resources.
The Underemployed One group of underemployed are people working part time who want to work full time. Another group involves workers who work below their qualification level and subsequently earn less than they expected when they finished their education programs. The college graduate who lives at home and works 30 hours at minimum wage falls into this latter category. Underemployed people typically
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