It should be a 2 to 3 page long paper (at least TWO full pages but no more than THREE pages) based only on the primary source readings and images (not maps) from at least two chapters assigned (chapters 14 through 22) (see below). They cover the period roughly between 1600 and 1871.
It should be a critical and analytical synthesis of at least THREE assigned primary source readings (Competing Viewpoints & Analyzing Primary Sources sections). Another option is to use TWO READINGS from those sections & TWO IMAGES (NOT MAPS) from the textbook OR ONE READING from those two sections & FOUR IMAGES (NOT MAPS) from the textbook OR just SIX IMAGES (NOT MAPS) from the textbook. The section Interpreting Visual Evidence contains only images and editors notes. Only the sources in Competing Viewpoints & Analyzing Primary Sources sections are legitimate readings. Editorial notes introduce the primary source readings and images but DO NOT count as primary source readings. DO NOT use any other books or websites.
It should organize evidence to show change over time instead of jumping back and forth to the examples belonging to different time periods.
It should have a clear structure (the introduction with a straightforward thesis statement which briefly answers the question and serves as a “roadmap” of your argument; the main body with evidence to support the points of your argument previewed in the thesis, and the conclusion bringing together the main points of your argument which does not mean copying and pasting your thesis statement there).
It should have a file name essay 1 and should be saved as an rtf file or a Word Document.
Technical Specifications: Times New Roman font, 12 pt type, 1 margins (check in Page LayoutMargins). Double Spaced!!!!
The paper should be written in formal standard English. Pay attention to grammar and style (avoid conversational expressions and contractions). Be consistent with the verb tense when referring to the events in the past. You can choose either past or present but stick to it throughout to avoid confusion.
Direct quotes should be marked by quotation marks (). Failure to do so will be considered as plagiarism and will lose you one letter grade.
There should not be more than one short direct quote per paragraph. Instead of copying and pasting them, paraphrase them to better fit them into your analysis
Paragraphs: You do not have to squeeze all your evidence into one paragraph for every major point of the argument. Huge paragraphs are difficult to read. You want to avoid that. Break them into several smaller logically linked paragraphs as long as they illustrate your major point. Use transition words like furthermore, in addition to.., while.., whereas, etc to connect paragraphs.
Given length of paper, there should not be any block quotes or quotes longer than 3 lines.
Referencing: always provide the source and page # for ALL evidence you use in the paper not just for direct quotes. Any citation style is fine as long as you are consistent. I would recommend the Harvard style as the easiest to follow (Authors name, page #) at the end of a direct or indirect quote, for example (Cole, 13). Failure to provide reference is considered plagiarism and will lead to the loss of one letter grade.
No separate title page. In a Word Document, go to Insert, then Header, and type your name our class # in the upper left or right corner. No extra spaces between paragraphs.
Attach a bibliography of sources cited in the paper identifying author, title, date, and the page in the textbook (the list cannot be considered as a page of writing). The list will help both you and me to make sure that you have used enough required sources. See examples of how to format the bibliography below.
Primary source reading
o Author unknown, The Epic of Gilgamesh, (circa 3,000 BCE), Joshua Cole, Carol Symes, Judith Coffin and Robert Stacey, Western Civilizations (N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 2012), 10
o Aristophanes, Socrates as a Sophist (circa 400 BCE), Joshua Cole, Carol Symes, Judith Coffin and Robert Stacey, Western Civilizations (N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 2012), 78
Primary source image
o Raphael, The School of Athens (1510CE), Joshua Cole, Carol Symes, Judith Coffin and Robert Stacey, Western Civilizations (N.Y.: W.W. Norton, 2012), 25
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