YOU DONT NEED TO DO THE INTRODUCTION AND CONCLUSION ABOUT THE PAPER.ALL THE WORK I NEED IS THE BODY PARAGRAPH.MY PART IN THE TEAM IS DO THE APPLE.HERE ARE ALL THE INFORMATION WE I FIND OUT ABOUT THE APPLE.
Research:
Topic: Management of Sustainability in Business
There is great concern today of the effect of global climate change with many experts arguing that it is the most important threat facing society worldwide. Conduct research to identify companies in various industries that are committed to environmental sustainability. Research initiatives companies are taking in products, services, processes, and internal policies and practices. Research the benefit of these initiatives, financial and otherwise, to stakeholders, including improving the companys brand in the marketplace. Also, research the internal management and organizational changes they have made to implement their sustainability initiatives.
Companies chosen: Apple, Patagonia
Apple, environment page https://www.apple.com/environment/
Environmental Progress Report https://www.apple.com/environment/pdf/Apple_Environmental_Progress_Report_2021.pdf
Goals:
Set goal to be carbon neutral across entire carbon footprint by 2030
Create products with net zero carbon impact by 2030
Use only recycled/renewable materials in products/packaging
Eliminate plastic in packaging by 2025
Achievements:
Carbon neutral for corporate operations since April 2020
14m metric tons of emissions avoided due to carbon reduction initiatives
100% renewable energy sourced for all Apple facilities
100+ suppliers committed to 100% renewable electricity
Energy use reduced by 13.9m kWh through efficiency efforts
All established final assembly sites are Zero Waste certified (need to research this more)
Apples comprehensive carbon footprint [chart] (p. 12) large majority of the 22.6m metric tons of CO2 that Apple is responsible for comes from the product life cycle (manufacturing, transport, use, material recovery, etc.)
Calculated using a life-cycle based approach (p.13)
-> do more research on benefits of life cycle analysis (LCA)
Apples historical carbon footprint [chart] (p. 13) useful bar graph illustrating historical + projected trends of emissions, with carbon neutrality achieved by 2030
Since 2011, scopes 1 + 2 emissions (direct and electricity emissions) have declined by 73% (p.14)
Low-carbon design [product/service]
Reducing amount of materials to make products
Apple M1 chip reduced energy needed to use the Mac mini and drove down the overall carbon footprint by 34% (p.15)
Switched to recycled and hydro-smelted aluminum for 2020 product releases, leading to 72% reduction in carbon emissions associated with aluminum (p.15)
Average product energy use across all major product lines has declined by 70%+ since 2008 (p.16)
Energy efficiency
Renovating + retrofitting 100+ older locations and applying energy efficiency principles to design of new facilities (p.17)
In 2020, reduced energy use by 13.9m kWh and ~200k therms per year, leading to aversion of 4,900 metric tons of CO2 emissions per year (p.17)
Supplier Energy Efficiency program + Supplier Clean Energy program (both est. 2015) -> helped suppliers avoid 900,000+ metric tons of carbon emissions per year (p.17)
As of 2019, Apple requires suppliers to report their emissions and reduction targets (p.18)
e.g. 6 participating supplier facilities in manufacturing the iPhone achieved goal of 20% reductions by end of 2020 compared to 2017 baseline
E.g. A manufacturer in Guangzhou, China implemented a new energy management system that enabled them to monitor/optimize network of ACs/fans/pumps/air compressors, complete with a waste heat recovery system that converts heat into warm water for living areas (p.19)
Renewable electricity
Switching to renewable energy can provide a competitive advantage by increasing control over energy supply and thus controlling costs (p.20)
Apple facilities (retail stores, data centers, offices) source 100% renewable energy (p.20) solar, wind, biogas, hydro power
Direct ownership, equity investments, and long-term contracts drive transition to renewable energy
Also includes purchase of renewable energy credits (RECs)
https://www.energysage.com/other-clean-options/renewable-energy-credits-recs/
Is investing in a grid-scale energy storage project in California capable of storing 240 megawatt-hours of electricity, in addition to their 130-megawatt California Flats solar farm (p.21)
Also investing in a wind turbine in Denmark, which will produce 62 gigawatt-hours each year (p.22)
Largest contributor to carbon emissions is electricity usage in supply chain Apple works closely with suppliers to help them transition to renewables; must address regulator barriers, capital requirements, lack of awareness, etc.
Supply chain clean energy progress [chart] (p.24)
Climate policies
Spoke out against the Affordable Clean Energy (ACE) Rule passed by the EPA in 2019, because they feared it would reduce access to renewable energy sources and drive up cost of renewable energy compared to previously established Clean Power Plan (CPP) (p.25)
Is pursuing clean energy policies in countries where they operate, e.g. EU, South Korea, Vietnam, Japan, etc.
Direct emissions abatement [processes]
Aluminum smelting is carbon-intensive -> Apple partnered with two aluminum manufacturers to use new innovation Elysis, which eliminates direct GHG emissions from aluminum smelting (p.26)
Reducing amounts of fluorinated GHG emissions throughout supply chain (p.26)
Also addressing transportation issues by shifting to less carbon-intensive shipping methods (rail, maritime, etc.), partnering with carriers who prioritize carbon neutral delivery, etc. (p.26)
Carbon removal
Investing in the Restore Fund, which will fund projects that aim to permanently remove carbon from the atmosphere while meeting highest environmental/social standards (p.28)
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