ould you edit my work? We have to read the passage and answer the questions. Please make some corrections and form into complete sentences.
1. How are Neanderthals different from modern humans? How are they the same?
Differences:•size of the skull •shorter •heavier •muscular
•protruding nose •heavy brow ridges •little chin
Similarities:•used tools
2. How do the findings made by scientists about the Neanderthals relate to various teories of human evolution?
•adaptation to the environment
•how our bodies changed over time
•how humans and Neanderthals evolved
3. What are the significant contributions of the following anthropologist to the understanding of human origins:
a) The Leakey family
•proof of an African origin
•found an autralopithecine skull
•used radiometric dating
•found fossils of hominins including Homo habilis
b) Raymond Dart
•determined the skull from Taung, South Africa to be more human than ape
•first to provide evidence of the African origin of humanity
c) Donald Johanson
•found a skeleton in Ethiopia that was 40%complete
•skull belonged to Australopithecus afarensis
•named the skeleton “Lucy”
4. What can anthropologists learn from ancient stone tools? Name three things
•date the site
•discover about the homnins
•indicate what the tools are used for
5. What is bipedalism, and why is it important when studying human orings?
•ability to walk on two legs
•to identify wheather the fossil belonged to a hominin.
6. What do you think would be challenging about becoming a paleoanthropologist? What are some of the rewards?
•must have preserved remains to test
•need microscopic details
•understand how humans walk on their two legs
•identify how the species live
7. Think about a product or technology that you use everyday. How do you think an anthropologist in the future might interpret it? What do you think it might say about your culture?
8. How is forensic anthropology similar to other types of anthropology? How is it differenct?
Similarites: • identify the dead
•find the cause of the death
•identify human remains
Difference: •find the murderer
9. How do the findings of forensic anthropology support or enhance the work of physical and cultural anthropologists?
•determine whether or not a death is suspicious
•identify cultural and religious practices of the area
•help exhume and identify bodies thought to have been part of a single massacre
10. Explain why variation is important for a species to survive.
•adapt to climate
•absorb Vitamin D
11. Why do the American Anthropological Association state that race does not exist?
•a persons’ behaviour and personality is depended on their culture
12.WHat are some legitimate explanation for human variation?
•identify traits
•help individuals survive and reproduce in a particular environment
13. To what extent do you think skin colour gives an evolutionary advantage? Explain.
•ability to absorb Vitamin D
•protect from UV light rays
Skin Variations: As humans migrated out of Africa, populations become more varied in skin colour. Was this variation the result of specific environmental advantage or of isolation? Did skin colour give an evolutionary advantage in the past? Are there evolutionary advantages for different skin colours today? Anthropologists examine both side of the issue below.
Do Different Skin Colours Have Specific Evolutionary Advantages?
Yes:•All mammal populations in warmer climates have more melanin
•Darker skin provides protection from ultraviolet rays, which can cause skin cancer
•Lighter skin absorbs more vitamin D, which allows the body to absorb calcium, a nutrient necessary for bone growth
•Humans with lighter skin were more likely to survive in climates farther from the equator with less available sung light
No: •There are many fair skinned Amazonian Indians and Southeast Asians living at the same latitudes as dark skinned Africans
•Because skin cancer usually affects people after they have had children, skin cancer likely had little effect on the evolution of skin colour
•Many dark skinned people have lived longer in Tasmania, at latitudes very far from the equator, than light skinned populations have lived in Scandinavia
Questions
1. Using the information above, come up with a hypothesis about the evolutionary advantages of different skin colours.
2. What questions do you have after considering this evidence?
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