What kind of essay question is this, and what is it asking?
This essay question is asking you to understand and describe certain issues, concepts, or
processes relating to schooling and development and particularly the links between
them.
Regarding your introduction, this question is not necessarily asking for you to take a
particularly strong position (yes or no, good or bad, should or should not) and defend it.
However, you still need to be assertive in your introduction a concise thesis statement
that says something about the links between schooling and development in Gongshan
county (there are no links, there are many links, there are few but very significant
links, there are numerous links, the links are so strong that education and development
are synonymous from the party-states perspective, there are strong links that function in
a two-way process whereby development is dependent on education and education is dependent on development, etc.).
What are the relevant issues, concepts, factors, processes?
Note: Nine years of compulsory education (six in primary / elementary school, three in
middle / junior secondary school) three years of senior secondary school (high school)
are not compulsory and not free (parents have to pay school fees).
What do we mean by development? Think about the concepts of development,
underdevelopment, and modernization.
Why are minorities, their farming practices and their traditional livelihoods seen as
backward?
What is schooling doing, and what is the curriculum?
What opportunities does schooling bring?
What kind of ruralurban migration options are there?
Is moving to a city and working in a factory really development?
Nine years of school education is now free, but it still costs parents money! (See Harwoods Chapter 3 for more on costs.) Therefore, note that while schooling is meant to bring socio-cultural change amongst young people, the costs (and opportunity costs) of education bring socio-cultural change amongst parents who seek cash incomes away from their traditional livelihoods.
Sources:
Harwood, Russell (2013). Chinas new socialist countryside: Modernity arrives in the NuRiver valley. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
o Introduction chapter
o Chapter 3 on education
o Chapter 4 on migration
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