Why is infant mortality higher in the United States than in Europe?

Primary paper (attached): Elder, T. E., Goddeeris, J. H., & Haider, S. J. (2016). "Racial and ethnic infant mortality gaps and the role of socio-economic status." Labour Economics, 43: 4254.

This paper is farly short. Skip section 3, read or thoroughly skim the remainder. Don't get bogged down in tables or minute details. But this paper has some great attention to important details in thinking about gaps.

Some extras if you are interested in more on Infant Mortality in developed countries:

Fan, Wen, and Liying Luo (2020), Understanding Trends in the Concentration of Infant Mortality Among Disadvantaged White and Black Mothers in the United States, 19832013: A Decomposition Analysis, Demography, 57: 9791005

Some highlights at https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13524-020-00878-4 (without downloading the entire paper)

If you are interested in comaring IMR outcomes in the US to Europre, this looks interesting: Chen, A., Oster, E., & Williams, H. (2016). Why is infant mortality higher in the United States than in Europe? American Economic Journal: Economic Policy, 8(2), 89124

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